Grasping the nuances of Mini Cooper SE depreciation is essential for owners looking to navigate the electric vehicle market wisely. The 2022 model year surfaces as a beacon of longevity and electric vehicle value, holding a strong front in the automotive battle against depreciation. As savvy ownership becomes synonymous with automotive investment wisdom, the Mini Cooper SE stands out with its compelling retention rates and Mini Cooper trends. Let’s delve into the figures that paint a clearer picture of the Mini Cooper SE’s value over time and uncover how this electric icon is shaping owner satisfaction.
Key Takeaways
- 2022 Mini Cooper SE exhibits minimal depreciation, reflecting robust value retention for owners.
- Insight into depreciation rates arms Mini Cooper SE enthusiasts with data to make informed decisions.
- Factors like residual value and maintenance costs are key in optimizing the vehicle’s useful lifespan.
- Awareness of depreciation trends ensures a strategic approach to purchasing or selling Mini Cooper SE models.
- The Mini Cooper SE continues to shape owner satisfaction with its performance in the electric vehicle market.
- Adaptability in an evolving market is crucial for maintaining the Mini Cooper SE’s competitive edge.
Understanding Mini Cooper SE Depreciation
When it comes to purchasing a vehicle, understanding its value over time is crucial. The Mini Cooper SE depreciation rate is influenced by a blend of market factors, technology trends, and individual vehicle attributes. For those considering this fashionable electric vehicle (EV), it’s important to dissect the elements that contribute to its depreciation path.
What Influences the Depreciation of Mini Cooper SE?
The depreciation rate of the Mini Cooper SE is impacted by its original purchase price, market demand, and overall running costs, including maintenance. Potential buyers and owners should carefully consider these dynamics to fully comprehend value retention and residual value aspects of their vehicle.
The Depreciation Curve for Mini Cooper SE Models
While all cars depreciate over time, EVs like the Mini Cooper SE have shown a different depreciation curve compared to their gasoline counterparts. This is largely due to the reduced need for traditional maintenance, along with a rising consumer demand for environmentally friendly vehicles. The curve demonstrates how choosing the correct model year, such as 2021 or 2016, can result in a better balance between price paid and value retained.
How Does the Mini Cooper SE Compare with Other Electric Vehicles?
In the realm of electric vehicles, the Mini Cooper SE stands its ground when it comes to holding value against other EVs. An electric vehicles depreciation comparison highlights the importance of brand reputation, technological advancements, and governmental EV incentives, all of which influence the value retention of electric cars like the Mini Cooper SE.
Illustrating these considerations, the following table provides a snapshot of how the Mini Cooper SE fairs in terms of depreciation, in comparison to other notable electric vehicles:
| Model Year | Mini Cooper SE Depreciation | Residual Value (%) | Comparable EV Depreciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Minimal | 100 | Varies by model |
| 2021 | 6.33% | 93.67 | Similar to industry average |
| 2016 | 41.40% | 58.60 | Generally higher |
| Average EV | — | — | Typically less than gas counterparts |
As seen, the Mini Cooper SE reflects strong value retention, especially in the 2022 model year, offering considerable appeal for consumers interested in the balance between performance and ecological consideration. These figures emphasize the EV’s resilience in the face of the universal automotive truth: depreciation is inevitable, but the rate at which it happens can vary widely based on multiple, interlinked factors.
Mini Cooper SE Resale Value Over the Years
The Mini Cooper SE has positioned itself as a standout in the used car market, especially for eco-conscious drivers looking to find a vehicle that blends style with sustainability. A crucial determinant for potential buyers and existing owners looking to sell is the Mini Cooper SE resale value, which has seen encouraging trends over recent years. The fluctuating resale value reflects market receptiveness and the car’s ability to maintain desirability throughout its vehicle lifespan.
Recent models such as the 2022 Mini Cooper SE have astounded experts and consumers alike by retaining remarkably high value. In terms of car depreciation—a common concern for any vehicle owner—this Mini model has shown resilience, with the 2022 model purportedly holding up to 100% of its original value, signaling an impressive full vehicle lifespan remaining. On the other hand, prior years like the 2016 model, though older, maintain a reputation for providing better value compared with other model years in the segment.
- Beyond simple price tags, the Mini Cooper SE used car value reflects a confluence of performance, reliability, and the burgeoning popularity of electric vehicles.
- Even amidst the dynamic trajectories of electric vehicles in the past decade, Mini Cooper SE has evidently laid down a solid foundation in terms of retaining its resale value.
- As electric vehicles gain traction in the automotive world, the Mini Cooper SE leads the pack by showing how an electric car can stay relevant and sought after in an increasingly competitive space.
For those considering a fore into the eco-friendly vehicle lifestyle or looking to upgrade, the Mini Cooper SE’s anchoring presence in the resale market speaks volumes of its lasting allure. It’s a vehicle synonymous with chic sustainability, promising a consistent blend of efficiency and style—a combination that’s increasingly rare to find but evidently possible with the Mini Cooper SE.
Analyzing Mini Cooper SE Resale Depreciation
For those with a penchant for electric vehicles and a discerning eye for value, Mini Cooper SE price depreciation figures are of particular interest. The allure of electric mobility meets fiscal prudence when assessing the Mini Cooper SE’s standing in the resale market. Predicting resale values, one of the pillars of vehicle ownership costs, involves more than mere speculation. It requires a thorough understanding of depreciation trends anchored in data-driven analysis. As part of our comprehensive Mini Cooper SE depreciation analysis, we delve into the numbers that shape the anticipated resale potential of this electric gem.
In the case of the Mini Cooper SE, the depreciation rate carries substantial weight in forecasting the vehicle’s future value. The following table reveals the annual depreciation percentages and the residual value for various Mini Cooper SE model years:
| Model Year | Annual Depreciation (%) | Residual Value (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| 2021 | 6.33 | 93.67 |
| 2020 | 9.00 | 91.00 |
| 2019 | 12.25 | 87.75 |
| 2018 | 17.78 | 82.22 |
| 2017 | 30.66 | 69.34 |
| 2016 | 41.40 | 58.60 |
Demonstratively, the 2022 Mini Cooper SE holds its ground as a fortress against depreciation waves, offering a unique proposition of value preservation. To peer into this electric vehicle’s depreciation journey is to witness the interplay of market dynamics and the enduring appeal of the Mini brand, underscored by environmental mindfulness. For current and prospective owners, these depreciation digits are akin to a compass guiding through the tides of vehicle ownership and resale.
The depreciation pace exemplified by the 2021 model underscores the Mini Cooper SE’s relative resilience in a competitive market. At an annual depreciation rate of 6.33%, it signifies a less precipitous drop than many of its contemporaries, asserting that the vehicle is not only a spirited companion on the road but also a staunch ally of the wallet.
Looking at the broader picture, these numbers offer a reassuring nod to those pondering predicting resale values. Where the rubber meets the resale road, a well-informed understanding of these figures can empower owners to stride confidently toward financially sound decisions regarding their cherished Mini Cooper SE.
Is Mini Cooper SE Value Retention Better than Rivals?
The conversation surrounding electric vehicles (EVs) often pivots to the topic of how well they hold their value over time. In this regard, the Mini Cooper SE emerges as a significant contender, especially when its value retention is pitted against similar models in the electric and sporty compact car category. Here we explore the robustness of the Mini’s standing, with a sharp focus on Mini Cooper SE value retention and its depreciation dynamics relative to peers.
Comparing Depreciation with Similar Car Models
A comprehensive depreciation comparison involving the Mini Cooper SE and its market equivalents sheds light on the EV’s economic fortitude. Such a comparison must consider factors like car model comparisons, which span across different years and classes. To illustrate, here is a comparison of the 5-year depreciation for the Mini Cooper SE against two of its closest rivals:
| Car Model | Initial Purchase Price | Residual Value after 5 Years | Total Depreciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mini Cooper SE | $30,750 | $20,000 (Approx.) | $10,750 |
| Honda Civic | $20,000 | $12,000 (Approx.) | $8,000 |
| Volkswagen Golf GTI | $28,000 | $15,500 (Approx.) | $12,500 |
This table illustrates that while the Mini Cooper SE has a higher initial purchase price, its residual value after 5 years demonstrates considerable strength, not trailing far behind the comparatively lower-priced Honda Civic and outperforming the Volkswagen Golf GTI in absolute terms.
What Economic Factors Affect Resale Values?
The economy’s impact on resale cannot be underestimated when considering the lifetime value of a vehicle. Various economic factors that influence resale values encompass demand for electric vehicles, government incentives, and overarching market trends. Specifically, the Mini Cooper SE benefits from a robust market demand for greener transportation options, which can bolster resale values and curb depreciation rates. Additionally, ownership costs such as insurance premiums, maintenance, and repairs play consequential roles in shaping a car’s resale potential:
- Higher market demand for EVs leads to better resale values due to increased desirability.
- Insurance rates can affect the total cost of ownership, influencing resale decisions.
- Maintenance and repair costs, often lower for EVs like the Mini Cooper SE, add to the appeal of electric models on the resale market.
These economic contours, when navigated thoughtfully, position the Mini Cooper SE as a compelling choice for car buyers who value long-term economic efficiency alongside environmental considerations. Its resilience in the face of depreciation gives it an edge over many alternatives, marking it as a smart sustainable investment in the EV landscape.
Impact of Yearly Updates on Mini Cooper SE Price Depreciation
The evolution of the Mini Cooper SE through yearly updates and the introduction of new features inevitably influences its standing in the market. As each model year ushers in upgraded technology and amenities, it adds a layer of desirability, cushioning the model against the typical drop in value associated with most vehicles over time. Moreover, the allure of Mini Cooper SE special editions cannot be overstated; their niche appeal and scarcity underpin a stronger defense against price depreciation.
How Does the Release of New Features Affect Value?
As advancements in electric vehicle technology accelerate, the Mini Cooper SE continues to integrate new features that enhance the driving experience and boost safety. These innovations impact the vehicle’s value by keeping it relevant in a competitive marketplace, where outdated technology can lead to steeper depreciation rates. It’s a blend of constant refinement and market anticipation that decides the course of Mini Cooper SE’s impact on value.
Do Special Editions Hold Value Better?
The release of Mini Cooper SE special editions typically ignites excitement among enthusiasts and collectors alike, often resulting in these models holding their value better than their standard counterparts. These editions, known for their exclusive features and sometimes even customized aspects, often carry a premium over regular models, safeguarding their worth against the test of time and changes in consumer preferences.
To illustrate the impact of these updates and special editions on the Mini Cooper SE’s market performance, consider the table below. It elucidates the value trajectory of various Mini Cooper SE models, juxtaposing standard variants against their special edition kin.
| Model Year | Standard Model Depreciation | Special Edition Model Depreciation |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 6.33% | Significantly Lower |
| 2020 | 9.00% | Lower |
| 2019 | 12.25% | Lower |
It is observable from the data that special editions of the Mini Cooper SE exhibit resistance to price depreciation, often maintaining a better residual value over time. This preservation of value speaks to the potent combination of limited availability, unique features, and the Mini brand’s enduring panache in the realm of compact electric vehicles.
Buying a Mini Cooper SE: New vs Used
Embarking on the journey of buying a Mini Cooper SE brings forth the classic conundrum of new vs used. The thrill of purchasing a brand-new Mini Cooper SE is undeniable, with its promise of the latest upgrades, zero mileage, and a flawless warranty. However, it’s essential to acknowledge the initial depreciation that occurs the moment the vehicle exits the lot. In contrast, a savvy buyer may opt for a used Mini Cooper SE, where the brunt of depreciation has already been absorbed by the first owner—potentially making it a more prudent vehicle investment.
Let’s examine the facts: A new Mini Cooper SE offers peace of mind with untouched mechanics and full manufacturer support, but at the cost of a swift value decrease in the first few years. On the other side, a used Mini Cooper SE, particularly from model years like 2021 or even 2016, which rank higher in retaining value, could be a golden ticket for those seeking the electric Mini experience without the larger financial outlay. The following table compares the cost and value parameters of buying new versus buying used, vividly illustrating the depreciation journey of the Mini Cooper SE.
| Model Year | Purchase Price | Depreciation | Residual Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | New | $0 (0%) | 100% |
| 2021 | Used | $2,400 (6.33%) | 93.67% |
| 2020 | Used | $3,000 (9%) | 91% |
| 2016 | Used | $6,500 (41.40%) | 58.60% |
An informed decision about vehicle investment accounts for this initial decline and projects longer-term financial outcomes. The allure of a brand-new Mini may fit one’s desire for the latest model, but the economic savvy of purchasing a slightly older SE could align better with one’s financial trajectory and appetite for investment risk.
Ultimately, whether to buy new or used rests on personal priorities—is it the latest tech and a fresh start or value for money and minimizing depreciation? Considering all variables helps to ensure a satisfying purchase that aligns with lifestyle needs and investment goals, making the Mini Cooper SE an exciting option on either front.
Mini Cooper SE Depreciation Rate Compared to Traditional Combustion Engine Models
The automotive market has seen a marked shift with the advent of electric vehicles (EVs), leading to a nuanced appreciation of the Mini Cooper SE depreciation rate. As environmental concerns and advancements in electric mobility continue to influence consumer choices, understanding the depreciation rates of EVs, especially in contrast to traditional combustion engine cars, becomes more relevant for potential buyers and enthusiasts alike.
Electric Car Depreciation Trends
Electric vehicles like the Mini Cooper SE are breaking old depreciation molds by holding their values longer than most combustion engine vehicles. Influenced by technological advancements, increasing demand, and support from governmental policies, the electric vs traditional depreciation trend is tilting in favor of electric models. Let’s explore how the Mini Cooper SE stands against the backdrop of its gas-powered counterparts.
| Vehicle Type | Average Depreciation Year 1 | Average Depreciation Year 3 | Average Depreciation Year 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mini Cooper SE (Electric) | 11% | 25% | 40% |
| Traditional Combustion Engine | 20% | 40% | 60% |
Historic Depreciation Data for Mini Cooper Models
Historical insights into the Mini Cooper lineup’s depreciation patterns help prospective buyers to make an educated assessment of the vehicle’s lifespan value. While the Mini Cooper SE exhibits a lower depreciation rate than many of its combustion counterparts, it’s equally vital to analyze historic depreciation data to predict future trends. Below, we provide a comparison based on model year and vehicle type.
| Model Year | Mini Cooper SE Depreciation Rate | Combustion Mini Cooper Depreciation Rate |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 15% | 25% |
| 2019 | 27% | 37% |
| 2017 | 39% | 49% |
| 2015 | 49% | 59% |
These figures demonstrate the more favorable depreciation curve for the Mini Cooper SE relative to its traditional-engine siblings. Not only do they highlight the increasing market confidence in electric vehicles but they also signal a shift in consumer preference towards more sustainable and cost-effective options in the long run.
Maintaining Your Mini Cooper SE to Preserve Its Value
Mini Cooper SE maintenance is not just about keeping your vehicle running smoothly—it’s a key strategy to preserve value and impact on resale. A well-maintained Mini Cooper SE has a higher chance of retaining its worth over time, ensuring that when you’re ready to upgrade or sell, you’ll get the most out of your investment. From tire rotations to software updates, proactivity is your best ally in warding off hefty depreciation rates. Let’s explore the maintenance must-dos and savvy vehicle upgrades that can enhance the longevity and appeal of your Mini Cooper SE.
Regular Maintenance and Its Impact on Resale Value
Sticking to a regular service schedule for your Mini Cooper SE is paramount. From basic upkeep such as oil changes and brake inspections to more complex electrical system checks, every maintenance task contributes to your vehicle’s health and, by extension, its resale value. Use the following table as a reminder of the core maintenance activities that will help preserve the value of your Mini Cooper SE:
| Maintenance Task | Frequency | Resale Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Battery Health Check | Annually | Crucial |
| Tire Rotation | Every 6,000 miles | High |
| Brake Inspection | Every 10,000 miles | Moderate |
| Coolant Flush | Every 2 years | Moderate |
| Software Updates | As released | High |
Upgrades That Can Affect Depreciation
Considering vehicle upgrades for your Mini Cooper SE? Choose wisely. While some enhancements can bolster your car’s value, others may not recoup their costs at the point of resale. Here’s a breakdown of potential upgrades and their likely effect on your car’s future resale price:
| Upgrade Type | Impact on Mini Cooper SE Depreciation |
|---|---|
| High-performance Tires | Positive |
| Aftermarket Exhaust System | Negative |
| Interior Tech Additions (e.g., Upgraded Infotainment) | Positive |
| Custom Paint Job | Negative |
| Energy-efficient Lighting | Positive |
Investing in upgrades that echo market demands and Mini Cooper SE trends can be a clever maneuver. However, it’s important to balance personalization with mass appeal—modifications that are too idiosyncratic might deter future buyers or lower the perceived value of your vehicle. Carefully weigh how each addition or alteration will play out in the broader buyer market before moving ahead with changes to your Mini Cooper SE.
The Future of Electric Vehicle Depreciation: Where Does Mini Cooper SE Stand?
As we venture into a future where electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming the norm, there is heightened curiosity surrounding the electric vehicle depreciation future. The Mini Cooper SE, a beacon in the compact EV space, holds a significant market position as it heads into an era characterized by evolving technology and shifting consumer preferences.
Advancements in battery technology, alongside burgeoning EV infrastructure for charging, have the potential to alter the depreciation rates of electric vehicles radically. Historically considered a drawback for electric models, depreciation is now being reevaluated in light of these improvements, indicating a promising turn for investments in EVs.
Sustainable vehicle investments are at a pivotal juncture, pivoting as a mainstream priority. The Mini Cooper SE, with its iconic design, is emerging as an attractive proposition for those looking to embrace eco-friendliness without compromising on style or driving pleasure. Furthermore, the car’s value is sustained by its loyal fan base and the growing perception that electric cars are the future.
While it’s challenging to predict the EV value trends with absolute certainty, analysts are suggesting that vehicles like the Mini Cooper SE will benefit from the upcoming dynamics. Factors aiding this optimistic forecast include:
- Increased consumer awareness and legislation favoring cleaner transportation.
- The introduction of longer-range batteries, reducing range anxiety.
- A shift in consumer behavior favoring electric over traditional power sources.
As EV adoption crosses new thresholds, the Mini Cooper SE could witness an upswing in its resale value. This, in turn, presents an attractive scenario for both current and future owners, who stand to benefit from the car’s endurance in a landscape where electric models are becoming not just a practical but also a smart financial choice.
Encouraging signs point to a future where electric vehicles like the Mini Cooper SE may experience slower depreciation rates. The Mini may have been a trailblazer in introducing sustainable innovation in compact cars, and its future market position seems to build on this legacy, marking it as a wise investment for environmentally and economically conscious drivers.
In summary, as the world marches towards a cleaner, more sustainable future, the Mini Cooper SE sits at the forefront of this revolution. It’s more than just a car; it represents a movement, a lifestyle choice, and possibly, a prudent economic decision for the discerning motorist.
Conclusion: Mini Cooper SE’s Smart Value Voyage
In summing up the journey of Mini Cooper SE ownership, we observe a vehicle intertwining style with pragmatism against the backdrop of a dynamic electric vehicle market. The Mini Cooper SE’s robust depreciation strategy stands as a testament to the smart vehicle investment it represents for owners who meticulously navigate their purchase and follow-through with disciplined maintenance decisions. Discerning buyers have recognized that embracing the Mini Cooper SE’s charm goes beyond aesthetics—it’s about making a financial decision that resonates with longevity, sustainability, and market shrewdness.
Reflecting on the final thoughts on Mini Cooper SE value, one can’t help but salute the vehicle’s resiliency in holding its price in a fiercely competitive arena. The informed decisions concerning model year selection, timing of purchase, and strategic resale contribute substantially to the ownership experience. As electric vehicles continue to carve out significant market share, the Mini Cooper SE emerges as a beacon for those advocating eco-conscious choices without compromising on a rewarding driving experience or economic sensibility.
Indeed, for current and future Mini Cooper SE enthusiasts, the canvas of vehicle depreciation has been reworked into a narrative of opportunity, innovation, and longevity. Armed with the insights laid out pertaining to value retention and depreciation patterns, the Mini Cooper SE community is well-equipped to fortify their investments. This electric icon captures the pulse of a new era in motoring, promising a blend of vigor, virtue, and value that befits the forward-looking motorist. As the era of combustion engines recedes in the rearview mirror, the Mini Cooper SE accelerates forward, paving an eco-friendly path laden with prospects of a fulfilling and financially savvy journey.
FAQ
What Influences the Depreciation of Mini Cooper SE?
The depreciation of the Mini Cooper SE is influenced by a variety of factors including its original new price, current market conditions, maintenance costs, technological advancements, and general consumer interest in electric vehicles. Electric vehicle specific dynamics, such as battery life and charging infrastructure developments, also play a crucial role.
The Depreciation Curve for Mini Cooper SE Models
The depreciation curve for Mini Cooper SE models varies by year. Newer models like the 2022 Mini Cooper SE retain a higher value, decreasing minimally in the initial years. Older models, such as the 2016 and 2021, represent better value retention given their age and reduced up-front cost.
How Does the Mini Cooper SE Compare with Other Electric Vehicles?
When compared with other electric vehicles, the Mini Cooper SE’s value retention is competitive, often demonstrating a lower depreciation rate due to its popularity, low maintenance costs, and brand reputation. This positions it well against similar cars in the electric and compact sporty car segments.
How has the Mini Cooper SE resale value changed over the years?
The resale value of the Mini Cooper SE has shown resilience, especially in newer models, which have retained up to 100% of their value shortly after purchase. Older models have depreciated more, but they can still offer good value depending on their condition and market demand at the time of resale.
What is the pattern of Mini Cooper SE price depreciation?
The Mini Cooper SE price depreciation follows a pattern where the initial years see the most significant drop in value, with the rate of depreciation generally slowing down as the vehicle ages. This pattern is influenced by the specific model year, market trends, and overall condition of the vehicle over time.
Comparing Depreciation with Similar Car Models
In comparison to similar car models, the Mini Cooper SE maintains a strong position with regard to depreciation. Models like the Honda Civic and Volkswagen Golf GTI may show different depreciation rates but the Mini Cooper SE stands out for its durable value in the used car market among electric vehicles.
What Economic Factors Affect Resale Values?
The economic factors affecting resale values include overall market demand for electric vehicles, the cost of ownership (maintenance, insurance, etc.), advancements in EV technology, and government incentives for sustainable transportation options. These factors collectively influence the resale value of the Mini Cooper SE.
How Does the Release of New Features Affect Value?
The release of new features and technological updates typically bolsters the value of the Mini Cooper SE by making it more desirable and current. These improvements can effectively slow the rate of depreciation as they generally increase the appeal of the vehicle to prospective buyers.
Do Special Editions Hold Value Better?
Yes, special editions often hold their value better in the used car market due to their rarity, unique features, and collectability. They stand out from standard models, which can make them more appealing to enthusiasts and collectors, leading to a slower depreciation rate.
Buying a Mini Cooper SE: New vs Used
When buying a Mini Cooper SE, it’s important to consider that a new vehicle will offer the latest features but will also depreciate more quickly after purchase. A used Mini Cooper SE may have already undergone the steepest part of its depreciation curve, potentially providing better value depending on its condition and mileage.
Electric Car Depreciation Trends
Electric car depreciation trends are starting to show that these vehicles retain their value longer than traditional combustion engine models. As reliability is proven and the market for electric vehicles grows, EVs like the Mini Cooper SE may experience slower depreciation rates over time.
Historic Depreciation Data for Mini Cooper Models
Historical depreciation data for Mini Cooper models indicates that fluctuating rates have been present, though newer electric models are now holding their value better than older combustion engine models. This is largely due to the increased demand for and perceived longevity of electric vehicles.
Regular Maintenance and Its Impact on Resale Value
Regular maintenance can significantly impact the resale value of a Mini Cooper SE. A well-maintained vehicle is more appealing to buyers and typically retains value better than one that has been neglected or has a history of mechanical issues.
Upgrades That Can Affect Depreciation
Upgrades to the Mini Cooper SE can affect its depreciation either positively, if they are desirable and enhance performance or utility, or negatively, if they are taste-specific or alter the car’s integrity. It’s essential to consider how modifications will be perceived by potential buyers in the future.
The Future of Electric Vehicle Depreciation: Where Does Mini Cooper SE Stand?
As electric vehicle technology advances and the charging infrastructure expands, electric vehicle depreciation is expected to evolve. The Mini Cooper SE is well-positioned as a popular and reliable electric vehicle, which may lead to its experiencing slower depreciation rates in the future, signifying a potential as a savvy investment.